Plant Layout

Design Facility format is a game plan of various parts of assembling in a fitting way as to accomplish wanted creation results. Office design thinks about accessible space, last item, security of clients and office and accommodation of activities. A viable office format guarantees that there is a smooth and consistent progression of creation material, gear and labor at least expense. Office format takes a gander at physical designation of room for financial movement in the plant. Along these lines, primary goal of the office format arranging is to plan viable work process as to make gear and laborers progressively profitable. Office Layout Objective A model office format ought to have the option to give a perfect connection between crude material, hardware, labor and last item at negligible expense under protected and agreeable condition. A proficient and successful office design can cover following targets: * To give ideal space to sort out hardware and encourage development of prod ucts and to make sheltered and agreeable workplace. * To advance request underway towards a solitary goal * To lessen development of laborers, crude material and gear * To advance wellbeing of plant just as its laborers To encourage augmentation or change in the design to suit new product offering or innovation upgradation * To build creation limit of the association An association can accomplish the previously mentioned objective by guaranteeing the accompanying: * Better preparing of the laborers and bosses. * Creating mindfulness about of wellbeing peril and security guidelines * Optimum usage of workforce and gear * Encouraging strengthening and diminishing authoritative and other backhanded work Factors influencing Facility Layout Facility format planning and execution is affected by different factors.These factors change from industry to industry however impact office design. These components are as per the following: * The plan of the office format ought to consider generally destinations set by the association. * Optimum space should be apportioned for procedure and innovation. * An appropriate security measure as to keep away from setbacks. * Overall administration strategies and future heading of the association Design of Facility Layout Principles which drive structure of the office format need to take into the thought goal of office format, factors impacting office format and limitations of office layout.These standards are as per the following: * Flexibility: Facility format ought to give adaptability to development or alteration. * Space Utilization: Optimum space use decreases the time in material and individuals development and advances wellbeing. * Capital: Capital venture ought to be negligible while concluding various models of office design. Plan Layout Techniques There are three procedures of structure design, and they are as per the following: 1. A few Dimensional Templates: This strategy uses improvement of a downsized model dependent on affirmed drawings. . Arrangement Analysis: This procedure uses PC innovation in structuring the office format by sequencing out all exercises and afterward orchestrating them in roundabout or in an orderly fashion. 3. Line Balancing: This sort of strategy is utilized for sequential construction system. Sorts of Facility Layout There are six kinds of office design, and they are as per the following: * Line Layout * Functional Layout * Fixed Position Layout * Cellular Technology Layout * Combined Layout, and * Computerized Relative Allocation of Facility Technique

Sole Trader Companies Essay Example for Free

Sole Trader Companies Essay Sole broker organizations are the ones which are opened independently. For instance, there is one individual and he interested about working together so he can put cash into the business and he needs to do it without anyone else. It implies he needs to discover where can wellsprings of account come and how to control it since he should work without anyone else without investors. There are a few wellsprings of funds as follows: * Retained income: this is benefits of an organization in the wake of expelling charges, compensations and costs or something to that effect and this source ought to be applied following scarcely any months from the earliest starting point. For instance, in the wake of evacuating all of costs like various costs, preparing courts costs we have the parity in our investment account around 9500 pounds. Pizza cottage can utilize that cash effectively to buy for their crude materials it is additionally a bit of leeway of them when they can control their use and set aside some cash so they can utilize their cash without considering charging expenses or premiums. In any case, in the event that they base on target which is spared an excess of they are going to meet issues in light of the fact that the circumstances of organization will be distinctive relies upon various financial aspects stage so they have to think about certain approaches to make sure that setting aside cash won't assume a ton of position in their record. * Selling resources: in the event that the business person set up their business however they have issues in capitals so they should offer a few items to get cash to contribute and getting benefits. For instance, pizza cottage can sell their old machines, hardware, or even their own logo. This is appeared to be a hazard path in light of the fact that in the wake of selling resources they will be lose their control in their business a little and it can prompt circumstances of having insufficient advantages for help for delivering. * Personal capital: The proprietors can put their own cash into business for development. This will keep him from the weight of interests from getting and the individual in question can control their business without anyone else or herself without relying upon others one. * Debt account: it is regularly utilized when individuals begin to set up a business, business visionaries will request acquiring cash from their families and friendsâ first lastly then they will request obtaining from others business’s makes a difference. So, obligation account is utilized for buying in the obtaining activity of a business to report for their creations. On the off chance that Pizza cottage is a Public Limited Company Open Limited Companies is the ones which are made from at least 2 than 2 people. What's more, those people are called investors and every investor will claim a piece of the organization which is relies upon their money related capacity by the ones called shares. The more offers you claimed the more gift you have in charge of organization. By along these lines the organization can activate capital effectively and there are a few wellsprings of fund as follows: * Issuing shares: business can gather cash by giving offers to stock trade and exterior the business there will be a few people need to put away cash to cause benefits for themselves so they to can utilize their cash to purchase the offers and by that way the business can get cash and for the individual who put away cash they will have a situation in the business and they will get profit every month. * Venture capital: funding is turning out to be progressively significant wellsprings of account for developing business. This should be possible by people or gatherings of investors, they need to search for a great deal of potential organizations or activities and settling on choices precisely isn't being needed of. Else, they can simple to meet obligations for profits for instance or they can go to bankrupt since they are lost a great deal of cash for disappointment ventures. * Bank credits: Business can collect their store by acquiring cash from banks and this is appeared to be a decent method to get cash right away. In any case, the business needs to contemplate the financing cost and the reimbursement capacity in the event that they don’t need to go to bankrupt in view of obligations. What's more, business think about credits as long or momentary designs to help their business and the considering is relied upon the reasons and the measure of cash the business need to get. For example, if the business had 1 billion and they get 100 million, it would be considers as short †term advances on the grounds that the measure of cash they acquired isn't principle cash for ventures since it too little contrast with 1 billion. 1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages * Debt account: Points of interest: everybody when they need to set up another business so obtaining cash is fundamental since it will enable the business person to feel progressively certain and they will be more grounded in working together. Disservices: additionally, they need to consider methods of reimbursing advances to other people. The explanation is that they will make a trust and increment their notoriety with the goal that they can acquire in next occasions without any problem. Along these lines, working together isn't generally great so it expects businesspeople to consider methods of existing a ton and when they go to bankrupt there will be difficult for them to look with makers and in the most pessimistic scenario they can be a jail. * Issuing Shares: Favorable circumstances: organizations can raise their assets effectively by giving offers and they can grow their business also. This activation capital won't make an obligation which the business needs to reimburse. In addition, giving offers can assist business with drawing in and keep great power of staff and the business can interface with potential accomplices. Drawbacks: The organizations need to acknowledge high expenses of giving. Giving offers can scatter the possessions, controllerships and incomes too. * Bank advances: Points of interest: Bank credits are appeared to be a decent assets for a business to raise their assets in light of the fact that the business can get contracts from bank effectively and the strategic need to finish is that attempt to acquire benefits however much as could be expected to reimburse. Inconveniences: in the event that, the business cause lost with the goal that will to be a huge issue in such a case that they didn't reimburse on time they will lost their benefits yet the thing is they need to postpone the obligations and that’s the purpose behind interests will be expanded quickly and the delayer the more intrigue. At last at that point, the more cash can't be paid the more dangers of bankrupting.

Columbus

Columbus Columbus. 1 City (1990 pop. 178,681), seat of Muscogee co., W Ga., at the head of navigation on the Chattahoochee River; settled and inc. 1828 on the site of a Creek village. The second largest city in the state, Columbus is a port of entry situated at the foot of a series of falls that extend more than 30 mi (48 km) and have provided extensive water power. An important industrial and shipping center with many giant textile mills (the first was built in 1838), it also has ironworks and food-processing plants. Factories produce lumber, chemicals, furniture, hospital equipment, concrete, and wood, rubber, paper, and metal products. Columbus was a busy river port until the arrival of the railroads in the 1850s. Its river traffic has been revitalized with the completion of a series of locks and dams that provide access to the Gulf of Mexico. During the Civil War, Columbus was captured by Union troops one week after Lee's surrender at Appomattox. Its industry grew with the development of 20th-century hydroelectric power plants. Many antebellum homes and Columbus College are in the city. Fort Benning is to the south. 2 City (1990 pop. 31,802), seat of Bartholomew co., S central Ind., on the East Fork of the White River; inc. 1821. Its many manufactures include transportation equipment, pharmaceutical and medical devices, food and beverages, plastics, and electronics. In the Civil War, Columbus served as a depot for Union armies. The city is known for its outstanding architecture, with many buildings designed by world-renowned architects from the late 1930s onward. 3 City (1990 pop. 23,799), seat of Lowndes co., NE Miss., on the Tombigbee River; inc. 1821. It is the trade, processing, and shipping center of a cotton, livestock, dairy, and timber area, and has marble and granite processing and diverse manufacturing. Franklin Academy, the first free school in the state, was opened in 1821. Mississippi Univ. for Women and Columbus Air Force Base are there. The city has many beautiful antebellum homes. Tennessee Williams was born there. 4 City (1990 pop. 632,910), state capital and seat of Franklin co., central Ohio, on the Scioto River; inc. as a city 1834. Ohio's largest city, it is a transportation, industrial, and trade center in a fertile farm region. Its manufactures include consumer goods, aircraft, engines, transportation equipment, glass, food, textiles, and primary metals. Government agencies and many research and educational centers are central to the economy, which expanded rapidly from the 1940s. Columbus is the seat of Ohio State Univ., Capital Univ., Ohio Dominican College, Franklin Univ., state schools for the deaf and blind, and Battelle Memorial Institute (for industrial research). Landmarks include the state capitol; the state office building and its library; Ohio State Univ.'s huge Ohio Stadium; the Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts; the Center of Science and Industry, a science museum designed by Arata Isozaki ; the postmodern convention center designed by Peter Eisenman; the library and museum of the state archaeological and historical society; the headquarters of the American Rose Society, with one of the world's largest rose gardens; Camp Chase Confederate cemetery, with the graves of soldiers who died in the Civil War prison camp there; and the vast state fair grounds. The Griggs, O'Shaughnessy, and Hoover reservoirs are centers for park and recreational activities. The city also has a professional hockey team (the Blue Jackets), racetracks, and a variety of annual cultural events. Columbus was laid out as state capital in 1812 but did not take over the government from Chillicothe until 1816. Its growth was stimulated by the development of transportation facilitiesâ€"a feeder canal to the Ohio and Erie Canal, which was opened in 1831; the National Road, which reached the city in 1833; and the railroad, which arrived in 1850. See G. E. Condon, Yesterday's Columbus (1977). The C olumbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Essay on Exposure to Toxins in our Homes and Offices

Toxins are poison, and can have many adverse effects on a person’s health and well-being. It could be the reason children and adults are getting sick more often or why we feel more tired and sluggish. Contrary to what most people believe, exposure to toxins are found in everyday household items, cleaning products, materials that are used to build homes and offices, copy machines and office products, even in some medicines that we take. People do not have to stick their heads in a microwave, drink poison or purposely inhale exhaust fumes to experience the dangers of toxins. On the contrary, toxins enter our bodies in many more subtle ways. With this in mind, learning how to remove toxins from office and home will be advantageous in making†¦show more content†¦Offices that have a graphics department or practices photography are exposed to these gases, as it is present in photographic solutions. Paint, paint removers or strippers, wood preservatives and hobby supplies al l contain these toxic gases. Other toxics found inside our homes and offices come from the air outside, such as exhaust fumes from vehicles, building exhaust and combustion products found in garages and gases that form in sewers. Biological contamination also pollutes the air and can contain toxins. For example, water that sits in drain pans, moisture from air conditioners that collect in vents, or plumbing pipes that may leak into the wall can all produce mold. Bird droppings that dry and turn to dust, and then carried inside by the wind can contain toxins. There are ways to remove the toxins from our homes, and steps that can be taken to limit exposure to these harmful pollutants. It is important to make sure there is sufficient ventilation in homes and offices. Sometimes heat encourages the release of some chemicals, and one way to control this is to use air conditioners and dehumidifiers. When using cleaning products, turn on exhaust fans in bathrooms and kitchens, and open windows to allow airflow. Keep air filters changed and wear mask if necessary when painting, or pursuing a hobby that requires the use of harmful materials. Never smoke inside the home or office, it not onlyShow MoreRelatedThe Right to Breath With Ease1420 Words   |  6 Pagespesticides (Report of the Surgeon General). A childs body is still developing and highly susceptible to the harmful effects of their environments. â€Å"Exposure to the poisons in secondhand smoke puts them at risk of severe respiratory diseases and can hinder the growth of their lungs† (ANR), among numerous other diseases and death. â€Å"Secondhand smoke exposure in motor vehicles may be associated with n icotine dependence symptoms among young never-smokers† (ANR). Due to the harmful effects of secondhand smokeRead MoreSecondhand Smoke Is Unhealthy For Everyone, Especially For Young Children934 Words   |  4 Pagespoisons, such as benzene, butane, ammonia, toluene, and hydrogen cyanide (American Lung Association). These poisons from secondhand smoking are prevalent in children’s surroundings, causing them to breathe these toxins in homes, day cares, and cars. Children who are exposed to these toxins are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome, acute respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia, otitis media, respiratory symptoms, and slowed lung growth. According to the CaliforniaRead MoreMany chemicals are used in packaging, storage, and processing of foodstuffs. These chemicals might1500 Words   |  6 Pagesto fatal diseases. Scientist have not gathered enough information about the long term impact. This includes the impact on early stage s of human development, especially in the womb. An extended amount of exposure to FCM’s, or food contact materials should not be ignored for several reasons. Toxins, such as formaldehyde, a substance proven to cause cancer, have been approved by the FDA. Formaldehyde is frequently used, admitting low levels in plastic bottles used for sodas or tableware. FormaldehydeRead MoreA Brief Note On Air Pollution And Indoor Pollution1288 Words   |  6 Pagescirculatory diseases due to too much exposure from air pollution? This is becoming a global problem because of the extremely high levels of toxins and chemicals being produced. So how do we reduce air pollution? First, we all must educate ourselves and become aware of the rising health problems related to pollution. The majority of individuals today are unaware of the chronic illnesses that can occur from polluted air. There are countless amounts of toxins and substances traveling throughout theRead MoreSecond-Hand Smoke1726 Words   |  7 PagesYou are sitting down trying to enjoy your dinner when all you can smell is smoke. Not only are you just breathing in the smoke, it is also damaging your body at the same time. Or imagine yourself at your work place, whether it be a restaurant or office, and you are forced to breathe in second-hand smoke the entire time you are there. In this paper you will be informed of the harmful effects of second-hand smoke, and why smoking should be banned from all public places. When you are a smoker youRead MoreHow to Reduce the Amount of Chemicals and Toxins Found in your Home1352 Words   |  6 PagesFor the first assignment in our contemporary chemistry class, Professor Johana Doe presented us with a question. Give or take a few words, she wanted to know what chemistry meant to each of us. Many of our classmates, including myself, responded to the proposed question with a not so surprising response. We each reasoned that chemistry meant little or nothing to our lives or us. I always looked at chemistry as a very annoying class that I took in high school that involved beakers and the periodicRead MorePersonal Statement On Reducing Toxic Exposure947 Words   |  4 Pagesidentifying and reducing toxic exposure. During Phase 3, the client is encouraged to continue to replace toxic items with natural versions. Replacing these products may take some time and can be costly, as such, the client is encouraged to continue to find replacements within their budge t and means. These recommendations are to reduce the toxic load of the individual. †¢ Replace personal care products and cleaning products to reduce chemical on the skin and in the home. Visit www.ewg.org/skindeep/Read MoreThe Wide Possibilities of Nanotechnology Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesIn the past decades, the field of science and technology evolved, and flourished with many inventions and advancements. Everyday, our science community continues to come up with new ideas to improve the world, especially in nanotechnology industry. The technologies that scientists have developed have greatly impacted the world. New technological discoveries are constantly being made in this this field, and projects are underway that will soon be used in the future years. The expansion of nanotechnologyRead MoreEssay On Health Care1529 Words   |  7 Pagesremaining balance out of pocket that the health insurance company could not cover. The government should use tax dollars for something important like our health because health insurance is expensive. This countryâ₠¬â„¢s health is declining simultaneously as the cost of health insurance increases. Our health is at stake because of the foods we eat and our environment. America’s health is not the best even though we are advanced in numerous ways. If America is the vast reason for American citizens healthRead MoreThe Dangers of Lead1222 Words   |  5 Pages a colorless, tasteless and odorless metal could be found in soil. Due to these characteristics, just because you cannot see, smell or taste it, doesn’t mean that it’s not there. Hopefully, my experiment will change the way some think about the toxin and gain some knowledge of how everyone must safeguard themselves against its’ harmful health effects. The metal lead originated from the Latin word plumbum and is identified in the periodic table as Pb. Lead is a natural metal found in the ground

How Did King Tutankhamun Die

Since archaeologist Howard Carter discovered King Tutankhamun’s tomb in 1922, mysteries have surrounded the final resting place of the boy-king – and exactly how he got there at an early age. What put Tut in that tomb? Did his friends and family get away with murder?  Scholars have cast about any number of theories, but his ultimate cause of death remains uncertain. We investigate the pharaoh’s death and dig deep to uncover the mysteries of his final days. Getting Away With Murder Forensic science experts worked their magic on Tut’s mummy and, lo and behold, they came to the conclusion that he was murdered. There was a bone sliver in his brain cavity and a possible blood clot on his skull that may have resulted from a bad blow to the head. Problems with the bones above his eye sockets were similar to those that occur when someone’s shoved from behind and his head hits the ground. He even suffered from Klippel-Feil syndrome, a disorder which would have left his body very fragile and susceptible to interference. Who would have had the motive to kill the young king? Perhaps his elderly adviser, Ay, who became king after Tut. Or Horemheb, the vigorous general who was champing at the bit to restore Egypt’s declining military presence abroad and wound up being pharaoh after Ay. Unfortunately for conspiracy theorists, later re-evaluations of evidence suggest that Tut wasn’t killed. The injuries some thought were inflicted by enemies may have been the product of poorly conducted early autopsies, scientists argued in an article called â€Å"The Skull and Cervical Spine Radiographs of Tutankhamen: A Critical Appraisal† in the American Journal of Neuroradiology. What about the suspicious bone sliver? Its displacement â€Å"could fit in well with known theories of the practice of mummification, the articles authors state. A Terrible Illness What about natural illness? Tut was a product of significant inbreeding amongst members of the Egyptian royal family, the son of Akhenaten (nà © Amenhotep IV) and his full sister. Egyptologists have theorized that members of his family had serious genetic disorders resulting from inbreeding. His father, Akhenaten, showed himself as feminized, long-fingered and -faced, full-breasted, and round-bellied, which led some people to believe he suffered from a number of different disorders. This could’ve been an artistic choice, however, but there were already hints of genetic issues in the family. Members of this dynasty long married their siblings. Tut was a product of generations of incest, which may have caused a bone disorder that weakened the young boy-king. He would have been frail with a club foot, walking with a cane. He was hardly the robust warrior he depicted himself to be on his tomb walls, but that type of idealization was typical of funerary art. So an already weakened Tut would be susceptible to any contagious diseases floating around. Further examination of Tut’s mummy showed evidence of plasmodium falciparum, a parasite that can cause malaria. With a frail constitution, Tut would’ve been the disease’s number one conquest that season. Chariot Crash At one point, the king appears to have fractured his leg, a wound that never healed properly, perhaps sustained during a chariot ride gone wrong and malaria on top of that. Every king loved riding dirty in chariots, especially when going out on hunts with their friends. One side of his body was found to be caved in, irreparably damaging his ribs and pelvis. Archaeologists have suggested that Tut was in a really bad chariot crash, and his body never recovered (perhaps exacerbated by his poor constitution). Others have stated Tut wouldn’t have been able to ride in a chariot because of his foot affliction. So what killed King Tut? His bad health, thanks to generations of inbreeding, probably didn’t help, but any of the above issues could’ve caused the killing blow. We may never know what happened to the famous boy-king, and the mystery of his demise will remain just that - a mystery.

Your shoes and flight Free Essays

Flight and Your shoes both have many similarities. They both deal with growing up as the characters change and build up throughout the stories. In Flight the grandfather is stubborn at the start of the story but as the play goes on, he decides to give up and let the granddaughter free. We will write a custom essay sample on Your shoes and flight or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your shoes deals with growing up as well, but the characters change slightly; this is shown when the mother finally writes her welfares to her daughter despite showing so much love for her which makes it hard for her to say her welfares. Flight starts with grandfather holding onto his favourite pigeon. Grandfather lets the pigeon fly but as soon as the pigeon spreads his wings he captures it again and puts the pigeon into a small box where it can’t escape â€Å"He deliberately held out his wrist for the bird to take flight and caught it again at the moment it spread its wings. He would like to lock his granddaughter up the same way he locks up the pigeons to make his granddaughter stay away from Steve. He wants to control his granddaughter like he controls the pigeons. This pigeon is a symbol reflected towards the granddaughter. The granddaughter has an attractive description; this shows that the pigeon is compared to the granddaughter. They both are attractive and he controls them. Your Shoes starts with the mother writing a letter to her unnamed daughter. The mother starts of saying â€Å"I thought I knew you as well as I know this house† this shows that the daughter was hiding something or her daughter has grown up to a point where she has started to keep secrets. Whereas in Flight, the granddaughter doesn’t keep secrets, she could’ve kept secrets and ran away like ‘the daughter in Your shoes’ but she was so mature and intelligent, so se decided to tell her parents about he relationship with the postman’s son. She did that because she knew she’s old enough to make her decisions and her parents won’t go against it The main similarities between Flight and Your shoes are comparing non living things or animals with human being. In Flight the grandfather compares his granddaughter to pigeons, while in Your Shoes the mother is comparing her daughter to her daughter’s shoes. Flight deals mainly with the relationship between Alice and her grandfather and Your Shoes deals with the relationship between the mother and daughter, but also between the mother and the father; the daughter and her father. Your shoes and Flight use metaphors to describe their relationships, Flight uses the metaphor of pigeons and Your Shoes uses the metaphor of shoes to describe the relationship. Both stories talk about love and loneliness. In Flight the granddad does not want to let his granddaughter leave, because he is scared to be alone. ‘Can’t we keep her a bit longer’ this quote indicates the strong love which the grandfather feels for his granddaughter. In Your Shoes the daughter has left home and the mother is desperate to have her daughter back, because she loves her and feels lonely with out her ‘I knew you’d come back’ this quote indicates the hunger of the mother for her daughter. Both stories also have the experience of past life. In Your Shoes the mother describes her experience with her mother showing how difficult it was for her to live with, but she still did. This actually shows how the generation has changed. Similarly in Flight the mother uses her experience to try to convince the grandfather that how happy she was when she got married to her husband said in the following quote. The theme about freedom is being asked in both stories. In Your Shoes the daughter runs away because the lack of freedom was given to her, although the freedom was too much compared to the freedom her mother was given, but in the eyes of her daughter and the generation she was living in made her feel the freedom was too less. The mother tries to show how little freedom she had and she still cope with it, shown in the following quote. This shows that the mother is trying to use reverse psychology to win her daughter back. On the other hand Flight has the same sort of theory. The granddaughter is asking for freedom although she has given the freedom by her mother, but the grandfather doesn’t want her to get married that’s because he doesn’t want to lose her and doesn’t want to lose the moments he once had with his granddaughter. â€Å"Think your old enough to get married hey† this shows he his having a go at the granddaughter and trying to convince her that your not old enough to get married. Both stories deal with maturity and immaturity. Flight deals with immaturity in the way that the grandfather is jealous of granddaughter’s boyfriend because he feels the boyfriend is going to replace â€Å"She did not turn. She had forgotten him. Along the road came the young man Steven†¦the old man stiffened as he watched the gate swing back and the couple embrace†. This quote shows that the grandfather feels upset that the granddaughter seems to have replaced him with an intruder. The grandfather is also scared of him being left alone when she leaves, which makes him think that without her he won’t be happy. Flight also deals with maturity in the way that the granddaughter is being questioned very angrily but she replies back in a polite manner, ‘and she said in a pert voice’: â€Å"hullo, granddad.† ‘Politely she moved towards him, after a lingering backward glance at the road.’ The calm and polite manner shows how mature she is. Compared to flight Your shoes only shows immaturity of the daughter who left because of her father having an argument with her, because she went to a night club and came back home very late and was drunk, which made the father very angry, and he called her a dirty slut and other rude comments. By her father calling her a dirty slut made her fell insecure and trapped so she decided to leave. Although the main theme of â€Å"Flight† and â€Å"Your Shoes† are similar, however structurally they are different, because in â€Å"Flight† the grandfather didn’t want the accept the choice of the granddaughter but in the end they both came to a solution and the grandfather ends up accepting her choice. While in â€Å"Your Shoes† the mother doesn’t want to move on. She constantly refuses to put the welfare of her daughter first, because she knows that she won’t get this letter and won’t come back. Therefore the relationship between the mother and the daughter is not re-established and doesn’t have the happy ending as Flight How to cite Your shoes and flight, Papers

Payroll and Timekeeping System with Fingerprint Scanner free essay sample

Technology is a scientific development that aids human’s problem and extent human capabilities as well. As time goes by, human becomes more and more idealistic in terms of technology, and developing and improving a simple thing. Nowadays, not only the gadgets are evolving, even simple systems of an organization were also developed gradually. Many companies started to use computerized system to save time and reduce costs, even though these computerized systems are rather expensive. Payroll system is a good example of a system that now going to computerized. Payroll is one of the complex tasks that an organization is performing. Aside from simply paying employees, companies will need to file taxes, submit reports and process year-end data for tax reporting purposes. The problem with the manual payroll system is if ever one had committed mistakes, whatever input was made from the start will automatically affect the calculations, and it is very time consuming that’s why computerized payroll system is implemented. We will write a custom essay sample on Payroll and Timekeeping System with Fingerprint Scanner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Computerized payroll system are much faster and easier compared to the manual processing. Also quick and accurate answers were produced by the computerized software. The proponents have chosen to make a computerized payroll system with time keeping for Mondo Corporation, specifically in its facility, which is currently using manual payroll system to generate and compute the payment for the employees. Mondo Corporation was being managed by Ms. Marichu Espina and it is located at Niog III, Bacoor, Cavite. This corporation is divided into 3 different sectors: Sticker World, Red Materials and Pink Mango Canteen. It is also divided into 2 different departments: sales and production department. They have regular and contractual employee on their corporation. This corporation with the total of 33 employees is registered with the Department of Trade Industry and started their production in 2007.

The Art Of Euclids Writing Essays - Foundations Of Geometry

The Art Of Euclid's Writing In Elements book one, Euclid incorporates stylistic devices in the process of proving a series of mathematical theories. One stylistic aspect of Euclid's writing is his use of common notions, such as the whole being greater than the part, and postulates, such as drawing a line from any point to any point. His early use of common notions and postulates do not merely help to prove the particular proposition, but is used in later propositions to persuade the reader of his proofs as well as to instill confidence in himself and the reader of the conclusions he arrives at in the propositions. Even before the actual propositions begin, Euclid lists the common notions and postulates of which he and the reader agree with. By doing this, Euclid and the reader have confidence in the proofs. In another way, the words ?common notions? and ?postulates? can be substituted by ?common sense? because it is ten points which everyone believes to be true. For example, the majority of the conclusions in proposition thirteen were arrived at using common notions. The last three steps in finally proving proposition thirteen were based on common notions. Since everyone agrees with the common notions, Euclid is confident that he is making a logical progression in proving that if a straight line set up on a straight line make angles, it will make either two right angles or angles equal to two right angles. Because of the general agreement of the postulates and the common notions, and by listing them in advance, Euclid is confident that he is correct when he makes assumptions based on them. In the same sense, the reader also holds the conclusions that Euclid arrives at to be true. Another possibility to Euclid's use of postulates and common notions is that he often uses postulates to set up a problem in terms in which he knows to be correct and then concludes the proposition with a common notion. Euclid is confident that if he can arrive at a common notion for the last step, he is able to prove the proposition using that particular common notion. An example of this is proposition two in which his first step in proving the proposition uses postulate one and by a logical progression arrives at common notion one in the end to prove the proposition. Another reason for Euclid's use of common notions and postulates is the desire to persuade the audience that he is correct when he uses common notions to prove postulates. For example, in proposition four, which states that if two triangles have the two sides equal to two sides respectively, and have the angles contained by the equal straight lines equal, they will also have the base equal to the base, the triangle will be equal to the triangle, and the remaining angles will be equal to the remaining angles respectively, namely those which the equal sides subtend, Euclid's last step refers to common notion four, which ultimately proves the proposition. Because Euclid knows the reader agrees with the common notions, he can easily persuade them when he stakes a claim in order to prove a proposition. Another example is proposition two, that places at a given point (as an extremity) a straight line equal to a given straight line, which is solely proven using postulates and common notions . In this case, Euclid can easily persuade the reader because every step of the proposition involved either a postulate or a common notion. Since the reader accepts all the postulates and common notions to be true, Euclid can easily persuade the reader when all a proposition contains is common notions and postulates. In another instance, Euclid uses both a postulate and a common notion to prove one of the steps of proposition fifteen which states that if two straight lines cut one another, they make the vertical angles equal to one another. By fulfilling the conditions of a postulate and a common notion, the proposition gives the reader no doubt that the proof will work. Euclid also uses a proposition proven by a common notion to prove a later proposition. For example, propositions four and ten are correlated in this

Shakespeare play The Merchant of Venice Essays

Shakespeare play The Merchant of Venice Essays Shakespeare play The Merchant of Venice Essay Shakespeare play The Merchant of Venice Essay Essay Topic: Merchant Of Venice Play The plot of the story is that the merchant of Venice (Antonio) borrows money from a Jewish moneylender (Shylock) and Antonio has to pay the money back to shylock within three months otherwise Shylock can take a pound of flesh from Antonios body. There is a daughter (Portia) with a rich father and when the father died he left all the money to the person that marries his daughter, but you cant marry his daughter just like that, you have to choose a chest out of the choice of three but you have to choose the right one. I am doing my coursework on Bassanio; He is a Best friend of Antonio and he goes to Belmont on the search for love and wealth and tries to choose the correct chest and marry Portia e.g. Portia says You must take your chance and attempt to choose at all, or swear before you choose, if you choose wrong, never to speak to lady afterward in a way of marriage: Therefore be advisd This means that she cant choose who she marries, she has to wait and see who chooses the right box, then she has to marry them. Act 4 Scene 1 This scene is the court scene where Shylock has taken Antonio to court because Antonio could not pay back the three thousand ducats that Shylock had lent him. Antonio oldest and best friend has chosen the right chest and married Portia, then he heard that his best friend was about to die, so he told Portia to stay in a nunnery until he gets back and he rushes off to Venice to see if he can convince Shylock to forget about his bond and not take a pound of his flesh. Portia wants to go with him so she secretly goes to Venice with her maid and they pretended to be the lawyer and the doctor. They both dress as men and they try and save Antonio as much as they can even with Bassanio trying to give Shylock thrice the amount of money for his bond e.g. Nerissa says Why shall we turn to men? They turn to men so that their husbands will not recognize them. Portia looks through the bond and realises that it has nothing about blood so then she says that shylock must take a pound of his flesh but not spill a drop of his blood e.g. Portia says Therefore prepare thee cut off the flesh. Shed no blood, nor cut thou less, nor more, but just a pound of flesh. When this is said Portia has come across a solution to stop Antonio from dying because you cant cut flesh without dripping blood. So shylock tries to take a pound of flesh but realises that he will not be able to do this so he decides to take the money afteral. Portia tells them that he has to take the pound of flesh because that is the bond, but shylock decides that he cant do it and has to leave and lose his money and not have his bond. Then Portia says that he must not leave because he has tried to kill someone so he has to give Antonio a third of his money for trying to kill him. After Shylock has left, Antonio and Bassanio praises Portia for saving Antonio and asks if there is anything that they can do. Then Portia judges Bassanio and asks him if he would give her his wedding ring and he says This ring, good sir? Alas! It is a trifle, I will not shame myself to give you this. Bassanio doesnt give Portia the ring because he loves her. Then Portia leaves pleased because she did not leave with the ring and she can trust him now, but then Antonio says to Bassanio My lord Bassanio, let him have the ring: Let his deserving and my love withal be valud gainst your wifes commandments. Then Bassanio takes off his ring and tells Gratiano to take the ring to Portia and he does. When Gratiano catches up with Portia he gives her the ring and then she has been let down because her husband gave away the wedding ring she gave to him Portia says to Nerissa We should have old swearing that they did give the rings to men but well outface them, and outswear them too. This basically means that youre not supposed to give your wife/husbands rings away but he did just to please a friend. Shakespeares use of language in this play is very good because the rich and wealthy people speak in iambic pentameter, which means that there are ten words or syllables to a sentence, where as the not so rich people just talk normally, Shakespeare as used rhyming couplets at the end of each scene. This shows that it is actually the end of the scene, in act 1 scene 3 Antonio is creating the bond so he can borrow three thousand ducats but Bassanio doesnt think he should create this bond so Bassanio is speaking in rhyming couplets to try and end the deal or scene he says You shall not seal such a bond for me: Ill rather dwell on my necessity I think this is a really interesting play and an audience that like Shakespeare would like this play very much, but they may have many views to different characters such as Bassanio. I think that the producer would have made Bassanio act as if the audience thought he was a hero but the audience would know that hes really not. Where this play was written along time ago it probably does not have the impact to the audience now compared to how it did back then for example: the audience back then would know exactly how it is so they would like it better but in modern times the audience would first have to understand how life was back then before they could enjoy it like the people in the olden days.

Discuss the events of one cardiac cycle (electrical and mechenical Essay

Discuss the events of one cardiac cycle (electrical and mechenical events) - Essay Example Cardiac muscles are myogenic, which means that their contractions are started by the muscle itself, the action beginning from the sino-atriol node. The first stage of the cardiac cycle is known as the ventricular filling, which involves the flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles. The other stages include the movement of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle through the aorta (Guyton and Hall, 2006). The contraction of the heart muscles on the left and right atria, which contract at the same time, is known as the atria systole (Klabunde, 2012). The events begin with the electrical current, which stimulates the myocardium contracts the heart chambers. This is then followed by the mechanical events. The electrical currents of the heart begin at the Sino atria node where action potential is generated (Williams, 2001). In the Sino-atria node, there is a rich supply of cells, capillaries and nervous supply, and the electrical current travels across the right and left atria. The atria are separated from the ventricles by a non-conducting band of connective tissues. Between the cardiac muscles are disc called gap junctions that provide electrical resistance at a low rate. The stimulation of each muscle fiber causes an electrical current to pass over the whole heart hence no external stimulus is required. The wave reaches the atrio-ventricular nodes in the lower right atrium, where it delays for a short period of time before conduction to the ventricles through the bundles up the purkinje fibers (Klabunde, 2004). Delaying at the atrio-ventricular node allows enough time for blood in the atria to get into the right ventricles. The atrio-ventricular node may act as a pace maker, which makes the action potential slow and unstable, depolarization occurs constantly due to the fall of calcium and potassium ions and this effect on the resting potential affects the heart rate. The mechanical

The Debate on the Compromise of 1850 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Debate on the Compromise of 1850 - Essay Example Championed by Henry Clay it set off fiery and intense debates. Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts, and the Senator from South Carolina, John C. Calhoun, entered into a debate on the Senate floor during March of 1850. Though each man was against slavery on moral grounds, they were on opposite sides of the debate. At the heart of the debate, the saving of the Union, they were in agreement. Yet, the methods they advocated to reach that end were in opposition. Protecting the Union from dissolving was the central issue and the reason for the compromise. Both men met in favor on this and both men could see the looming threat of secession of the Southern States. Webster sees the impending violence and warns against flirting with the possibility when he states, "There can be no such thing as a peaceable secession. Peaceable secession is an utter impossibility". Calhoun, while in agreement, took a more pragmatic approach and said, "It is only through a long process, and successively, that the cords can be snapped until the whole fabric falls asunder." Calhoun, from the South, was guarding against further agitation of the North and also guarding against alienating his Southern constituency. Calhoun's speech is highlighted by what he sees as the unfair treatment of the South by the North. With slavery prohibited in the unorganized territories and the provisions of popular sovereignty, he decries the dwindling political representation that the South has in Washington. He further puts forth the notion that the South generates a preponderance of the revenue that goes into the pockets of Northern industrialists. His speech is centered around the theme that the South must be satisfied in order to remain a useful section of the Union, and it was the responsibility of the North to rectify past wrongs and promote a more equitable system. Webster, on the other hand, does not recognize the imbalance in justice between the North and the South. Webster believes that the tensions arise from the North's unwillingness to accept the slavery in the South. He dismisses Calhoun's insistence that the South is being mistreated by saying, "These are disputed topics, and I have no inclination to enter into them". Webster saw slavery, and the South's ownership of the issue, as the central issue. But beyond the simple notion of slavery, both men agreed that the tensions were being promoted by abolitionists geared toward arousing anti-slavery feelings in the south. Webster was politically bound to show some public support for the Whig slave owners that he was courting for national support, while Calhoun needed anti-abolitionist support at home. Though the main issue of the Compromise of 1850 was the problem of the Texas territory and it's claim on New Mexico, neither man chose to highlight it in their speech. Another critical issue, the Fugitive Slave Act, was detailed by Webster but Calhoun chose to ignore the issue. Webster blamed the North for a lack of will in enforcing the laws that they were sworn to uphold. Webster's notion was to give the South their slavery, enforce their traditions, and they would go away quietly and exist in harmony with the North. Calhoun saw the turning point from a different perspective and believed that no compromise was possible as long as the North did not politically recognize the contributions of the

The Republic Of The Philippines History Essay

The Republic Of The Philippines History Essay The Republic of the Philippines has a long and colorful history with influences from numerous countries. It is primarily comprised of Roman Catholics in the north and Muslims, which are the minority, in the south. The Muslims desire an independent Islamic state because they feel the government of the Philippines treats them as inferior. As their core grievances are ignored, the Muslims resort to terrorist activities. The U.S. has identified them as threats to the Republic of the Philippines as well as U.S. interests. This paper identifies the internal threats, analyzes the situation and discusses recommended solutions to counter these terrorist organizations. Breeding Ground in the Philippines The southern Philippines have long been a breeding ground for terrorist activity (Bhattacharji, 2009). This is due to poverty, a lack of education as well as a lack of support from their local government. The Philippine government gained their independence in 1946 and has experienced numerous armed confrontations since. The United States (U.S.) has identified two internal threats within the Philippines. They are the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG). The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) is the foundation from which both of the groups started. Both organizations are predominantly located in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) covering Sulu, Mindanao, and Palawan located in the southern Philippines. It is important to understand what the problem is and where it began in order to be able to defeat it. The original settlers in Mindanao were Muslim and tribal residents. In the 1950s, the Philippine government gave away land to migrants and poor farmers from other regions of the country. Christian settlers began populating Mindanao in large numbers which soon caused problems with the original inhabitants. The Muslim and tribal residents felt as though their way of life, land, and economic opportunities were being deprived. This grievance led to intense distrust between the Philippine government and the indigenous Muslim population. This eventually led to the birth of the MNLF within their region. The MNLF was founded in 1972 by Nur Misuari who was a professor at the University of the Philippines. This political organization was established in order to secede from the Philippines and establish an Islam state which would cover Sulu, Mindanao, and Palawan. The MNLF stated that represented the Philippine Muslim liberation movement which proceeded to start the Islam Insurgency in Mindanao. They intended to achieve independence, or at a minimum local autonomy for the southern Philippines. The movement would later cost both sides great amounts in personal sacrifice. There were many lives lost during this insurgency with estimates ranging from 80,000 to 200,000 in total. Eventually the Philippine government would hold peace talks in 1976 with the MNLF which led to the Tripoli Agreement being negotiated. The Tripoli Agreement basically set up a cease fire as well as autonomy with a broad understanding that Mindanao would remain part of the Philippines. This agreement would allow Muslims their own legislative assembly, economic and financial systems, schools, administrative system, executive council, courts, and special regional security forces (Muslim Mindanao for journalists and other communicators, 2008). The cease fire eventually hurt the MNLF more than it helped due to the internal factionalism which led to the group fragmenting into separate elements. There were disagreements within the organization on how to deal with the government. The more conservative members wanted to hold a violent insurgency while the liberal side favored non-violent opposition which led to a separation. The conservatives eventually left and organized into the MILF. The MILF is the largest Islamic liberation organization in the Philippines with an estimated 15,000 active members, out of which 2,900 are troops. Salamat Hashim formed the MILF in 1977 and was backed by the ethnic Maguindanaos. Hashim received support from Egypt after the split and officially established the MILF on March 1984. Hashim didnt want to accept treaties with the government and he wanted an Islamic education system in a more traditional manner. The MILF would experience the same issues later with the more extremist members leaving and forming the ASG (Economic expert.com 2010). The ASG is a more radical organization which splintered from the MILF because they too didnt agree with the way their mother organization dealt with the government. The ASG was founded by Abdurajak Janjalani in 1991 on the island of Basilan. Janjalani fought in Afghanistan against the Soviet Union with the mujahedeen. The Abu Sayyaf task force was created in 1986 by an Afghan professor named Abu Sayyaf who operated his own guerrilla training school in the mountains near Peshawar, Pakistan (Barreveld, 2001). After returning to the Philippines, Janjalani formed the ASG to fight for an independent Islamic state in the southern Philippines. Janjalani named his group after his professor in Peshawar: Abu Sayyaf-the Father of the Sword (Barreveld, 2001). In 1998 Abdurajak Janjalani was killed by the local police in Lamatan, Basilan during a shoot out. This caused a power struggle within the organization which led to his younger brother Khadafi Janjalani eventually taking over. The government refers to them as bandits primarily because of their thug like activities. This organization is famous for kidnap for ransom operations, piracy, operating with Al Qaeda (AQ), attacking the Catholic community by conducting abductions of teachers, nuns as well as priests. They have extorted from wealthy businessmen and companies and have terrorized their community through bombings and massacres. Militant organizations like the ASG and the MILF operate in the Sulu archipelago and easternmost island of Mindanao, where a rugged terrain, weak rule of law, sense of grievance among the countrys Muslim minority, and poverty make it difficult for the government to root them out (Bhattacharji, 2009). Both groups are considered threats against the Republic of the Philippines. The United States considers them a threat because of their ties with AQ and global terrorist organizations. The United States and the Philippine government signed a treaty of general relations between the two governments on July 4, 1946. This treaty identified the independence of the Philippines as of July 4, 1946 as well as recognizing the relinquishment of American sovereignty over the Philippines. In February 1987, the Philippines adopted a new constitution that instituted the presidential-style republican form of democracy, which resembles the U.S. model much more than the European parliamentary system (Library of Congress, 2006). The Philippines has a centralized form of government and federal rule of law which is supreme to the states or provinces. There are other organizations in the Philippines government that mirror the U.S. such as their military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) is made up with four branches of service consisting of Army, Navy Air Force and Marines. In total the AFP has approximately 150,000 military personnel forces and about half of which are reserves (Global security.org 2010). The AFP Army has a Light Reaction Battalion (LRB) trained in counter terrorist operations and is used often in combat today. The LRB was developed, equipped, and trained by U.S. Army Special Forces. The Philippine governments gross domestic product exceeds $160 billion; however they spend less than 1% of their GDP on military expenditures. Aside from the LRB most of the AFP is under equipped and poorly funded. The United States and the Philippines have a mutual defense treaty that has been in effect since 1952. Total U.S. military assistance to the Philippines rose from $38 million in 2001 to $164 million in 2005, which would make the Philippines the fourth largest recipient of U.S. foreign military assistance (Library of Congress, 2006). The U.S. is supporting the Philippines government by providing for their military. This coincides with how we are conducting Irregular Warfare (IW) when considering the Trinity model. There are other areas that need to be addressed in the Philippines as well. Economic growth in the Philippines has averaged 4.5% per year since 2001. Despite this growth, poverty worsened during the term of Macapagal-Arroyo, because of a high population growth rate and inequitable distribution of income (Central Intelligence Agency, 2010). Thirty three percent of the Philippine population lives below the poverty line. This leads to corruption and crime which drains resources available to further develope the government. It will also undermines confidence in the government from the population. The Republic of the Philippines has an extreme problem with crime and corruption at all levels because of poverty and lack of education across the country. This effects the governments ability to take care of the relevent populations critical needs. The Muslims in the Philippines consist of thirteen ethno-linguistics groups. The Muslims who traditionally inhabited Mindanao, the islands of Basilan and Palawan, and the Sulu and Tawi-Tawi archipelago in the south of the Philippines identify themselves as Bangsamoro (Lingga, 2004). Christian Malays make up over ninety percent of the total population, Muslim only make up about four percent, Chinese 1.5 percent, and others 3 percent (Library of Congress, 2006). Muslims are often treated like second class citizens because of their minority status. This is part of the reason why they want independence in the ARMM. The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and separation of church and state, but Christianity predominates, and Muslims historically have been marginalized (Library of Congress, 2006). The Philippine population communicates in many languages; however English and Filipino (based on Tagalog) are the official languages spoken with eight other major dialects. There are additional barriers or obstacles the country has to deal with because of this. This leads into how they communicate across the Philippines. Cell phones are the primary method of communications in their country. The Philippines is known to be the text messaging capital of the world. Digital phones currently outnumber the landlines based telephones. It is very common for the military to use their cell phones as a means of communication during operations. This has the potential for compromise during missions, which causes their commanders to collect phones from the soldiers before theyre briefed on the details of the operation. The lack of education in the southern Philippines reduces the necessity for newspapers or magazines to be sold. The Philippines government will use billboards, posters, and the radio to communicate their message to the local population in Mindanao. Additionally, they also use the mayors and village leaders by word of mouth system through the military. As an archipelago, the Philippines have more than 1,000 ports, of which 117 are regarded as international ports. About 12 of the 117 international ports have major cargo and passenger terminals (Library of Congress 2006). The ports in the southern Philippines need upgraded to support the fishing industry. Sixty percent of the roads are unpaved and the rest are in need of repair to some degree. The infrastructure needs upgraded in order to support and build on the local economy. It is critical to address the political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure (PMESII) issues listed above. The Muslims will support the government and work against the insurgency when their basic needs are being taking care of. This will in turn bolster the countries internal stability and will ensure that they have legitimacy and influence over the relevant population. The U.S. realized how serious and evolving the global terrorist threat was after 9/11. The Philippines is an ideal location for AQ to establish training camps, safe havens as well as recruitment base. Conditions for recruitment are perfect when there is a lack of education; bad economy, and there is a lack of support from the government. The U.S. goal is to eliminate or contain extremist Muslim terrorists organizations across the globe. The U.S. will do this in order to preserve our four enduring national interests which are security, values, prosperity, and international order. The following paragraphs will explain the recommended way to defeat the terrorist threats. In order to do this in Mindanao both the U.S. and Philippines government will need to look at the whole of government (WOG) concept and use the four elements of national power which are diplomatic, informational, military, and economic (D.I.M.E). Irregular Warfare (IW) is predominantly the U.S. way ahead when looking at combating the insurgency. To be successful, IW will need to be applied at all three levels of war. At the Strategic Level both countries will need to develop and fund plans to eventually gain control and influence over the relevant population. This is done at the national level and with ideally SOF elements used as the primary tool to get initial ground truth information to the decision makers. The U.S. deployed SOF forces into Mindanao in 2002 and are still conducting FID operations in the area today. The U.S. government will need to continue to monitor the status and make changes as necessary. The more indirect approach will be the focus when looking at the Operational Level. There is a Joint Special Operations Task Force (JSOTF) established in Zambowonga which takes the guidance and end state from the Strategic Level and applies it to tactical operations. The JSOTF is responsible for planning and conducting operations and campaigns. The enlisted staff positions needs to be filled with operators that have experience and ideally graduates of the Joint Special Operations Force Senior Enlisted Academy (JSOFSEA). The next level that IW would be applied is the Tactical Level. First Special Forces Group currently has a Special Operations Task Force (SOTF) on the island of Jolo. The SOTF is currently being run by a company rather than a battalion. This is due to the other requirements that need to be met in other countries. The Tactical Level is the most critical for numerous reasons. This is where the plans come to life in order to meet the National Strategic Strategy (NSS). Whatever the operator does on the ground will either support the NSS or possibly hurt it. The U.S. military are conducting Foreign Internal Defense (FID) operations in the southern Philippines as part of the Operation Enduring Freedom-Philippines (OEF-P). They will need to continue to provide military assistance by training through, by, and with the AFP. As part of Operation Enduring Freedom-Philippines, U.S. military forces are strengthening the Philippines military and using civic action to drive a wedge between rebels and the Muslim populace (Crisis Group, 2008). Philippine military and law enforcement agencies conducted intensive Civil-Military and internal security operations to eliminate terrorist safe havens in the Sulu Archipelago and central Mindanao (U.S. Department of State, 2009). Many of the programs that have been put in place are currently working. The economic development programs need more support from other countries. The Japanese government has been the largest provider of financial aid for Mindanao, having financed 166 different projects valued at a total of 363 million dollars since 2002 (Carames, et. al., 2008). The U.S. needs to work with other countries in order to get more participation in this area. The enticement or need to join the terrorists organizations will decrease if the jobs are available and the infrastructure is built up on the island of Mindanao and the ARMM. The State Departments USAID will need to continue to retrain combatants from the MNLF, MILF, and ASG as well as providing micro-grants in order to bolster the economy. USAID as well as civilian non-government organizations (NGOs) will need to continue to work on infrastructure development. This is critical to the success of the campaign. When schools, roads, wells, and mosques are repaired the quality of life is dramatically improved. In conclusion eradicating the insurgency means an end to the silent discrimination, respect for the Muslim religion in all its aspects. In order to minimize or stop the threat and terrorist activities we must attack ideological and financial angles as well. Developing the economy, infrastructure and improving education in Mindanao will win over the local populace faster than using military force. This must be done in order to protect the Philippines national interests. The U.S. will continue to have an invested interest in the Philippines so that we can prevent Mindanao from becoming a safe haven and training ground for Muslim extremists across the globe.

Archetypes and Their Influence on the Personality Essay

Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) was born on July 26, in the small village of Kesswil on Lake Constance. He was named after his grandfather, a professor of medicine at the University of Basel. He was the oldest child and only surviving son of a Swiss Reform pastor. Carl attended the University of Basel and decided to go into the field of psychiatry after reading a book that caught his interest. Jung became an assistant at the Burgholzli Mental hospital, a famous medical hospital in Zurich. He studied under, and was influenced by Eugen Bleuler, a famous psychiatrist who defined schizophrenia. Jung was also influenced by Freud, with whom he later became good friends. Their relationship ended when Jung wrote a book called â€Å"Symbols of Transformation. † Jung disagreed with Freud’s fundamental idea that a symbol is a disguised representation of a repressed wish (Heaney, 1994). After splitting up with Freud, Jung had a 2 year period of non-productivity, but then he came out with his â€Å"Psychological Types,† a famous work. He went on several trips to learn about primitive societies and archetypes. His explorations included trips to Africa, New Mexico to study Pueblo Indians, and to India and Ceylon to study eastern philosophy. He studied religious and occult beliefs like I Ching, a Chinese method of fortune telling. Alchemy became one of his interests during his journeys. His book, â€Å"Psychology and Alchemy,† published in 1944, is among his most important writings. In this study, he told about the human mind. One of his methods was word association. This is when a person is given a series of words and asked to respond to them. Abnormal response or hesitation can mean that the person has a complex about that word. His basic belief was in complex or analytical psychology. The goal is psychosynthesis, or the unification and differentiation of the psyche (mind). He believed that the mind started out as a whole and should stay that way. That answered structural, dynamic, developmental questions. Jung is best known for his theory of â€Å"The three levels of the mind† (Aurelio, 1995). Discussion The three levels of the mind theory includes the ego (conscious), personal unconscious, and collective unconscious. The conscious level serves four functions. It is the part of the personality that carries out normal daily activities: thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting. The personal unconscious contains an individual’s memories, and the collective unconscious is an inaccessible layer that contains universal experiences. Usually, one of the two classes usually dominates, and rarely does one see an individual with perfectly balanced classes of behavior (Nehr, 1996). Jung said that an ego is a filter from the senses to the conscious mind. All ego rejections go to the personal unconscious. The ego is highly selective. Every day we are subjected to a vast number of experiences, most of which do not become conscious because the ego eliminates them before they reach consciousness. â€Å"The personal unconscious acts like a filing cabinet for those ego rejections† (Jurkevich, 1991,p. 58). Clusters of related thoughts in the personal subconscious form complexes. Complexes are really suppressed feelings. Complexes are often highly visible to people, but unfelt by the individual who has the complex. Complexes can be revealed by word association, which will cause hang-ups if a certain word is mentioned. A strong or total complex will dominate the life of a person, and a weak or partial complex will drive a person in a direction of it, but not too strongly. A complex, as Jung discovered, need not be a hindrance to a person’s adjustment. â€Å"They can be and often are sources of inspiration and drive that are essential for outstanding achievement† (Aurelio, 1995, p. 351). â€Å"The collective unconscious is hereditary. It sets up the pattern of one’s psyche†(Kremer, 1990, p. 2). An inherited collection of primordial images are stored here. They are universal inclinations that all people have in common somewhere by means of heredity. The four important archetypes that play very significant roles in everyone’s personality are Persona, Anima(us), Shadow, and the Self. Persona is derived from the Latin word meaning â€Å"mask†. In Jungian psychology, the persona archetype serves a similar purpose; it enables one to portray a character that is not necessarily his or her own. The persona is the mask or facade one exhibits publicly, with the intention of presenting a favorable impression so that society will accept him (Nehr, 1996). Anima and Animus is what Jung referred to as the â€Å"inward face† of the psyche. The â€Å"inward face† he called the anima in males and the animus in females. The anima archetype is the female side of the masculine psyche; the animus archetype is the masculine side of the female psyche. Man has developed his anima archetype by continuous exposure to women over many generations, and woman has developed her animus archetype by her exposure to men (Heaney, 1994). According to Mannis (1997), the â€Å"Shadow† is what Jung referred to as â€Å"the negative side of the personality, the unpleasant qualities we like to hide†. When one is not conscious of their â€Å"shadow†, they give it more power. â€Å"Usually, the qualities we dislike the most in others, are the unknown qualities in our shadow† (Kremer, 1999, p. 4). â€Å"The self represents all archetypes working together† (Heaney, 1994, p. 29). Jung used the words extraversion and introversion to show how one’s personality is. Those who lean towards extraversion are usually socially accepted. They are outgoing and very sociable. Those who lean towards introversion tend to keep to themselves and are not very sociable. One’s psyche works together three ways. One structure may compensate for the weakness of another structure (Jurkevich, 1991). One component may oppose another component, and two or more structures may unite to form a synthesis. Compensation may be illustrated by the contrasting attitudes of extraversion and introversion. If extraversion is the dominant or superior attitude of the conscious ego, then the unconscious will compensate by developing the repressed attitude of introversion. Compensation also occurs between function. A person thinking or feeling in his conscious mind will be an intuitive, sensation type unconsciously. This balance is healthy and it prevents our psyches from becoming neurotically unbalanced. Opposition exists everywhere in the personality: between the persona and the shadow, between the persona and the anima, and between the shadow and the anima. The contest between the rational and irrational forces of the psyche never ceases. One’s integrity of â€Å"self† can actually determine whether or not this opposition will cause a shattering of a personality (Heaney, 1994). I decided to do my research on Carl Jung because he is not discussed much in the textbook. I find his theory of conscious and unconscious very interesting. I believe the thoughts of persona and ego without a doubt. When one’s ego is shot down, a person can tend to develop a complex about it. I also agree that people tend to have a different persona based on where they are at and how they are expected to act around certain people. References Aurelio, Jeanne M. (1995). Using Jungian archetypes to explore deeper levels of organizationalculture. Journal of Management Inquiry, 4, 347-369. Heaney, Liam F. (1994). Freud, Jung and Joyce: Conscious connections. Contemporary Review,265, 28-32. Jurkevich, Gayana. (1991). Unamuno’s intrahistoria and Jung’s collective unconscious: parallels,convergences, and common. Comparative Literature, 43, 43-60. Kremer, Jurgen W. (1999). Facing the collective shadow. Revision, 22, 2-5. Mannis, Robert F. (1997). Jung and his shadow. Utne Reader, 84, 91-94. Neher, Andrew. (1996). Jung’s theory of archetypes: a critiques. Journal of HumanisticPsychology, 36, 61-92.

Organizational Behavior Invictus Essay

Invictus is a film based on Nelson Mandela’s life during the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa. The film tells the inspiring true story of how Nelson Mandela joined forces with the captain of South Africa’s rugby team to help unite their country. Morgan Freeman holding as a South African leader Nelson Mandela, whose recently been released from nearly 30 years of captivity in a tiny cell. He was been elected and become his country president. He believes one way to achieve a reunite country and racial reconciliation is through the success of the national Springboks rugby team, which is captain by Francois Pienaar. South Africa is hosting the 1995 World Cup Rugby Event and the Springboks team automatically qualifies for that. With help from Francois Pienaar, Mandela believes he can rally the entire country behind the team, especially if it does well in the tournament. This story portrays how this great leader manages and use his unexpected weapon to achieve his goals. 2.Issue and problem revealed in the movie. i – Sport is universal for all races, perspective are able to change and healing is able to take place; Rugby was to the white South African as a source of both pride and humiliation. The green and gold strip jersey of the national team which is â€Å"The Springboks† was honored by fan. As newly elected leader, Nelson Mandela responsibilities to tackle the pain and dispute that had been caused and reconcile the nation. In a widely discouraged political moved, Mandela focused on gaining support for the very team that represented Apartheid. It was Mandela that recognized the power of sport as a medium for political and social change as well become symbol of hope and reconciliation. In this movie it can realize that although the white and black people used sports as a tool through which to build community and have fun, the racial and social boundaries of Apartheid prevent them from integrating. Nationalism is usually formed around literature and film, but it can also be formed around victories and loses. A sport isn’t just something men compete in to show off their muscles or how much talent they have. It’s a powerful tool that brings people together whether their  realize it or not. Sports bring communities together. It is not just an individual watching and cheering a team on but a nation. In this movie, Nelson Mandela sees the opportunity to turn the South African rugby team into so much more than a show of manliness and he turns them into a symbol of inspiration for a country and changes the entire meaning of the sport. He reunites his country and give them the hope they need in order to forgive past wrongdoing and come together as a nation through rugby. In this movie, President Mandela and rugby team captain Francois Pienaar work together to unite South Africa and all its races together through the sport of rugby. A sports game give people a common cause. It gives them something to talk about, cheer and celebrate. They are cheering for one national team that represent everybody and every race. Through the victories and losses of the team, people unite. They have something to relate to that familiar to both parties and not just one race. They forgot what color everybody is and just focus on the team that represents their nation. This kind of solidarity can only be brought out by sports. Mandela capitalizes on this and uses the World Cup to bring about nationalism to a country on the brink of civil war. By the end of the movie, there are two different rugby teams. One team represent a disconnected racist South Africa and the other represents a united country celebrating not just personal victory but a national as well. There is a scene where Mandela ask Francois about how do they will inspire the nation and everyone around them. The answer is leading by example. If Mandela cannot forgive his white prison guards, how he can expect his country to forgive and reconcile each other. The same goes with the rugby team. The team is only able to connect and withstand when they go into the slums and meet with a group of black children and teach them how to play rugby. By personally teaching the children and showing them that the sport is universal for all races, perspective are able to change and healing is able to take place. ii – People have a life-long need for forgiveness, reconciliation and healing. Forgiveness being a way to not only change individual hearts but turn around a whole society. In the film, Freeman as Nelson Mandella says to his head of security, â€Å"Forgiveness liberates the soul†¦ that is why it is such a powerful weapon.† Forgiveness is not only liberates the individual soul but it can turn around the soul of a nation. It’s not a magic bullet that always and everywhere works but, it is a  powerful force of the spirit that should be tried more often than it is. Forgiveness is hard work, requires a steely commitment to make reconciliation happen at the deepest and realistic levels, and filters down from a leader to the people.

The Power Of The Elf King - 2465 Words

The Power of the Elf King Franz Schubert (1797-1828) was not a particularly well-known composer during his lifetime, however, that did not stop him from leaving his mark on the musical world. He radically redefined the role of composers in German lieder. Unlike his predecessors, Schubert believed that part of a composer’s job was to help the listener interpret the poem. He believed that part of his responsibility was to write the melody and the accompaniment in a way that helped to clarify the meaning of the poem and bring it to life for the listener. That being said, Schubert did not completely discard the work of others before him. Instead, he built on the foundation that they had laid, reflecting the work of previous composers in his music without limiting himself to simple imitation of their ideas. He expanded on their ideas and used them as a platform to express himself in new and distinct ways that were unfamiliar to the music world. His innovations inspired those who came after him not only in German lied but also in other song genres. One particular example of his ability can be seen in both the vocal lines as well as the accompaniment in his song cycle, Die Schà ¶ne Mà ¼llerin. Franz Schubert was born to Franz Theodor Schubert and Elisabeth Vietz in Vienna, Austria. His father was a schoolmaster who acquired an old school house called â€Å"Zum schwarzen Rà ¶ssel,† which doubled as a house for the family. At the age of six, Franz Schubert began attending hisShow MoreRelatedCriticisms and Praise for The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug654 Words   |  3 PagesMirkwood elves is a familiar face from the Lord of The Rings trilogy, Legolas and a new face Tauriel a female elf who is captain of the guard. Bilbo, however, is not captured because he is wearing a ring of power which allows him to be invisible. The dwarves are imprisoned by the elven king Thranduil. 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